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Copyright protection is automatic as soon as there is a record in any form of what has been created; there is no official registration of copyright. However, you can take steps to provide evidence that you created a work at a particular time.
A useful step to take when publishing copyright material is to mark it with the international copyright symbol © followed by your name and the year of creation. You might consider putting a similar marking on the material on your website, if you have one.
A correctly worded notice will also deter infringement, as it states that the work is protected under law. Displaying a notice shows that you have an awareness of copyright, and that you take infringements of your work seriously. You could also watermark material such as documents and photos.
If you are interested in commercially developing your IP, it is critical to first protect it before making any disclosures.
There is no exact percentage of the ‘limited’ amount you can copy under fair dealing exceptions such as non-commercial research and private study, however below is some guidance on what would be considered fair:
All disabled people are now covered by the legislation where their impairment affects their ability to study or work on an equal basis as someone without impairment.
All copyright work can now be altered to an appropriate format, as long as suitable accessible copies are not available for purchase.
This may include:
Yes, as long as it is for your own non-commercial research or private study. There are no restrictions on changing the format of the copyright work provided the copying is fair. You must not make a copy and then send them to other individuals.
Creative commons is a way of licensing material to protect some of the rights, rather than copyright which protects the work entirely. You can find out more about the Creative Commons movement and the licences on the CC website. So for example some people are happy to allow you to re-use their work (e.g. an image, a video) if it’s for a non-commercial purpose and if you give them credit. You can search for material licensed under different types of Creative Commons licences using the Creative commons search.
These items are called orphan works, if you can show evidence of due diligence to trace the copyright holder they may be used for educational purposes. However, the lawful copyright holder may request all of their work to be removed at any time and you are obliged to do so.
Yes if you are presenting other peoples work as part of your research. Conferences are often recorded, live streamed or shared online, which makes any copyright breaches a higher risk. You may be able to use extracts though under fair dealing exceptions.
