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When it comes to referencing, there is plenty of conflicting or out-of-date advice and software available. We have created the Referencing Handbooks in collaboration with the Academic Office and academic staff across the University to give you consistent guidance and support.
The handbooks provide you with the basic principles of referencing and plagiarism, how to get support and what additional resources you can make use of for more specific examples of the referencing style you’re using.
There are four recognised referencing styles at UWTSD and the one you use will depend on your area of study. To find out which one you should be using, look in your Programme Handbook, and download your copy by clicking on the button below.
If in doubt, contact your Academic Liaison Librarian.
Update April 2023
Example: ChatGPT (Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer)
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a rapidly evolving technology, and there are no current guidelines on how to reference it. Therefore, this guidance may be subject to change. We recommend referring to this guidance should you need to reference AI again in the future.
Academic integrity is being honest in any work you do in your studies. The use of third parties (friends, essay mills or artificial intelligence) to create work you subsequently claim as your own is unacceptable. There are certain instances, however, where the use of AI may be permissible.
In all instances, please confirm with your tutor and refer to your assignment brief to establish if the use of artificial intelligence generated material such as ChatGPT is permissible and how they wish you to use it. If it is acceptable, you must acknowledge and appropriately reference all the content you use. Failure to do so may result in Academic Misconduct.
If it is already available online, you can cite it as an electronic version of a source (such as an artwork or article).
The AI-generated flower (Shutterstock AI, 2023) …
Shutterstock AI (2023) Photo of pond with lotus flower [Digital art]. Available at: https://www.shutterstock.com/image-generated/photo-pond-lotus-flower-22… (Accessed: 31 March 2023)
The content produced by AI such as ChatGPT is classed as non-recoverable material. It is impossible for a reader to follow up or replicate (as it is not published) and only available to you. Therefore, it should be cited as a personal communication.
You should:
When asked ‘what is information literacy’? OpenAI’s ChatGPT (2023) response included the importance of evaluating information critically. A copy of this response is in appendix 1.
OpenAI ChatGPT (2023) ChatGPT response to Tom Jones, 3 March.
In IEEE, personal communications are included as numbered in-text citations that match the corresponding reference list entry. Use the full name of the AI tool as the author.
1. OpenAI’s ChatGPT, private communication, Feb. 2023
In the APA 7th style, personal communications are cited in the text only. You are not required to include it in the reference list.
When asked to explain …, OpenAI’s ChatGPT’s response included … (personal communication, March 15, 2023)
(OpenAI’s ChatGPT, personal communication, February 22, 2023)
In MHRA, private communications are included as numbered in-text citations that match the corresponding footnote and bibliography. There is no need to include in the bibliography.